Bernard Buffet (1928-1999), Buildings en banlieue, 1970
San-Antonio, France’s most popular author of crime fiction of the past 50 years, was fascinated with the bleakness of the Parisian suburbs, where he moved to in 1949. His prolific oeuvre documents this morbid fascination, somewhere between horror and nostalgia. His novels are full of notations and recurring observations about the suburban tragic as the author experienced it. Suspending the investigation he his conducting, the first person narrator, Commissaire San-Antonio turns his attention momentarily to the representation of the surrounding space, the banlieues which were then rapidly sprawling around Paris.
The banlieues as envisioned by San-Antonio are not yet the political issue they are today. Nor are they seen as a question of social and urban planning. For him, they are first and foremost a challenge of representation. How are writers to respond to their drabness? Unsurprisingly, he resorts to the work of painters to suggest the effect the lacklustre reality of the suburbs have on him, while still able to recognize their colourless, monotonous “beauty”. Notably, references to Utrillo, Carzou and Buffet, and to some of their best known works highlight how the dull and grey parisian banlieues, with their dreary, and sombre spaces exemplify San-Antonio’s subject matter; the depletion and flatness of a separated, modern life.

San-Antonio was inspired by the Montmartre-born son of Suzanne Valadon, Maurice Utrillo (1883-1955) to represent their air of “sweet fatality permeating everything”. He laments that no author yet has “really written on the greyish melancholy of the Paris suburbs as Utrillo painted it”. Utrillo died in 1955 and his status and legacy were secure at the time when San-Antonio’s series was beginning. Meanwhile, Bernard Buffet (1928–1999 ) rose rapidly to fame, becoming one of France’s most successful painters of the time. San-Antonio’s evocation of the suburbs attempts to to conjure the same atmosphere evoked by Bernard Buffet. He noted on several occasions his infatuation with Buffet’s work: Well, on days of great distress , I still have Buffet! I remember his suburban station , with nobody around and yet so explosive with humanity ” ((“Oui, Buffet, les jours de grande détresse, il me reste encore ça ! Je me rappelle sa gare de banlieue, avec personne autour et pourtant si explosive d’humanité”, San-Antonio, Faut-il vous l’envelopper ? 1968)
Thus, Utrillo and Buffet help to visualise San-Antonio’s suburban universe, which they contributed to inspire.
Maurice Utrillo, Rue de banlieue, charcoal on paper (1914)
Maurice Utrillo, Rue de banlieue (1937)
Bernard Buffet, Rue de banlieue, 1949
Bernard Buffet, Paysage de banlieue
Bernard Buffet, La Gare, 1984
For those reading French, here is an excerpt from San-Antonio’s writing on the banlieue.
“Je trouve qu’on n’a jamais bien écrit de la banlieue parisienne, de sa mélancolie grisâtre. Si : Utrillo l’a peinte. Il a su restituer ses maisons blafardes, suantes de mélancolie, ses rues qui viennent de nulle part et qui y vont sans se presser. Y a une douce fatalité dans tout ça. Un ennui qui s’ignore. Les destins sont plus chiants qu’ailleurs parce que plus tranquilles. Pas d’aventure, jamais, mais un cafard gentil, rongeur, qui grignote tout, mine de rien. On y couve d’aimables cancers, des asthmes irrécupérables, des infarctus peinards, à peine chaotiques. La vie conduit à la mort sans se presser. On y suit la marche du monde avec beaucoup de recul dans les colonnes du Parisien Libéré. La téloche du soir y fait moins de boucan que partout ailleurs. Ici, la nature est en pots. L’existence se déplace sur des patins de feutre. On glisse les cartes postales qu’on reçoit dans le cadre de la glace du salon-salle à manger. Les adultères s’y perpètrent sans heurts; seuls, les enfants, de retour de l’école, mettent un peu d’animation passagère. Les graffitis y sont moins obscènes qu’à Paris. On y vit à l’écart de ce monstre, avec la conviction d’être épargné”.
(San-Antonio, Le pétomane ne répond plus, 1995)